Impacts of pine species, stump removal, cultivation, and fertilization on soil properties half a century after planting

نویسندگان

  • J. R. Butnor
  • K. H. Johnsen
  • C. D. Nelson
چکیده

To better understand the long-term effects of species selection and forest management practices on soil quality and soil C retention, we analyzed soil samples from an experimental planting of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.), longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill.), and slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) pines under different management intensities in Mississippi. The treatments included stump removal and cultivation (CULT), a one-time application of fertilizer combined with stump removal and cultivation (CULT+F), and a control (CON). After 49 years, pine species had no significant effect on any soil physical or chemical parameter examined, despite species differences in basal area. CULT exhibited significantly higher soil bulk density and lower soil C and soil N than CON and CULT+F in the upper 10 cm of soil. Stump removal is not a common practice in southern pine silviculture today; however, as demand for bioenergy fuels or feedstocks increases, more complete biomass utilization will be considered. Residual stumps play an important role in soil nutrient and C retention in pine plantations. Our results show that stump removal can lead to reduced soil C (–21%) and soil N (–35%) compared with controls, although it is possible to mitigate nutrient losses on poor sites with fertilization. Résumé : Dans le but de mieux comprendre les effets à long terme du choix des espèces et des pratiques d’aménagement forestier sur la qualité du sol et la rétention du C, nous avons analysé des échantillons de sol provenant de plantations expérimentales de pin à encens (Pinus taeda L.), de pin des marais (Pinus palustris Mill.) et de pin d’Elliott (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) soumises à différentes intensités d’aménagement au Mississippi. Les traitements incluaient l’enlèvement des souches et des pratiques culturales (CULT), une application unique de fertilisant combinée à l’enlèvement des souches et à des pratiques culturales (CULT+F) et un traitement témoin (CON). Après 49 ans, les espèces de pin n’avaient pas d’effet significatif sur aucun des paramètres physiques ou chimiques du sol qui ont été étudiés malgré les différences de surface terrière entre les espèces. Dans les premiers 10 cm de sol, la densité apparente du sol était plus grande et la teneur en C et N du sol était plus faible dans le traitement CULT que dans les traitements CON et CULT+F. L’enlèvement des souches n’est pas une pratique courante de la sylviculture actuelle des pins du sud. Cependant, à mesure que la demande pour la biodiversité et les matières premières augmente, une utilisation plus complète de la biomasse sera envisagée. Les souches résiduelles jouent un rôle important dans la rétention de C et des nutriments dans le sol des plantations de pin. Nos résultats montrent que l’enlèvement des souches peut entraîner une diminution de C (–21 %) et de N (–35 %) dans le sol comparativement au traitement témoin bien qu’il soit possible d’atténuer les pertes de nutriments dans les stations pauvres par la fertilisation. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2012